Mapping spatio-temporal changes in mangroves cover and projection in 2050 of their future state in Benin

Mangroves are precious ecosystems that provide vital socio-economic, environmental and cultural benefits to humanity. However, they declining alarmingly due human activities natural hazards. Assessment of their spatio-temporal dynamics is essential monitor these guide management ensure sustainability. We assessed the mangroves predicted future trends using remote sensing techniques Markovian chain analysis. Landsat images TM/ETM+ (for 1988, 2001 2019) were obtained, processed, classified analyzed GIS. The changes observed during periods (1988–2001, 2001-2019 1988–2019) used predict up 2050, results showed mangrove area studied, which occupied 5205.24 ha in declined by 62.07% between 1988 but increased 18.84% from 2019. This increase attributed strengthened restoration efforts. had mainly been converted into grassland (52.35% 1988-2001 7.31% 2001-2019) other vegetation types (17.57% 27.05% 2001-2019). Their decline was most severe municipalities Abomey-Calavi Ouidah, therefore require greater conservation Our projection based on analysis suggests will continue decline, slowly. study provides information action area.